Pengaruh Fortifikasi Besi pada Makanan dalam Tatalaksana Anemia Defisiensi Besi pada Anak
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30649/v4i3.151Keywords:
fortifikasi besi, anemia defisiensi besi, anakAbstract
Tujuan Penelitian: Defisiensi besi adalah masalah nutrisi paling banyak di seluruh dunia melampaui malnutrisi energi protein. Anemia defisiensi besi pada anak berdampak negatif terhadap pertumbuhan, perkembangan kognitif, akademik, dan imunitas. Di seluruh dunia, tercatat 273 juta anak kurang dari 5 tahun menderita anemia dengan 60% di antaranya dikarenakan defisiensi besi. Fortifikasi besi disebut sebagai pendekatan preventif terbaik untuk mencegah anemia defisiensi besi. Meskipun demikian, pengetahuan terkait fortifikasi besi di Indonesia masih rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh fortifikasi besi pada makanan dalam tatalaksana anemia defisiensi besi pada anak.
Metode Penelitian: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi literatur dengan sampel berupa 16 artikel pada jurnal internasional yang terindeks SCIMAGO dengan tahun publikasi 2019 hingga 2024. Artikel pada studi literatur ini diambil melalui Mendeley, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, dan PubMed.
Hasil: Fortifikasi besi berperan dalam menurunkan angka kejadian anemia defisiensi besi pada anak. Fortifikasi besi berguna sebagai upaya preventif dan terapi adjuvan terhadap suplementasi besi oral atau parenteral. Peran fortifikasi besi diperkuat dengan penambahan vitamin A, vitamin C, dan antihelmintik dalam regimen suplementasi besi.
Kesimpulan: Fortifikasi besi pada makanan berpengaruh positif dalam tatalaksana anemia defisiensi besi pada anak.
References
1. Akram S, Ikram F, Awan A, Akram A, Nawaz R, Rahman A. Iron Deficiency Anemia in Children Under One Year of Age. Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal. 2023 Jun 1;73(3):735–8.
2. Prasetiani NA, Ludong MM. PREVALENSI ANEMIA DEFISIENSI BESI PADA ANAK KURANG GIZI DI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM DAERAH KOJA TAHUN 2017-2019. Jurnal Kesehatan Tambusia. 2023;5217–25.
3. Kazi NH, Qureshi R, Kousar T, Saba A, Ahmed Memon S. Factors Responsible for Iron Deficiency Anemia in Children Under Five Years. Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences. 2022;16(1).
4. Animasahun BA, Itiola AY. Iron deficiency and iron deficiency anaemia in children: Physiology, epidemiology, aetiology, clinical effects, laboratory diagnosis and treatment: Literature review. Vol. 6, Journal of Xiangya Medicine. AME Publishing Company; 2021.
5. Gedfie S, Getawa S, Melku M. Prevalence and Associated Factors of Iron Deficiency and Iron Deficiency Anemia Among Under-5 Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Vol. 9, Global Pediatric Health. SAGE Publications Inc.; 2022.
6. Aksan A, Zepp F, Anand S, Stein J. Intravenous ferric carboxymaltose for the management of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anaemia in children and adolescents: a review. Vol. 181, European Journal of Pediatrics. Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH; 2022. p. 3781–93.
7. Hurrell RF. Ensuring the Efficacious Iron Fortification of Foods: A Tale of Two Barriers. Vol. 14, Nutrients. 2022.
8. Ekoe T, Bianpambe OI, Nguefack F, Pondi DM, Kana-Sop MM, Hays NP, et al. Efficacy of an iron-fortified infant cereal to reduce the risk of iron deficiency anemia in young children in East Cameroon. Food Sci Nutr. 2020;8(7).
9. Tchum SK, Sakyi SA, Arthur F, Adu B, Abubakar LA, Oppong FB, et al. Effect of iron fortification on anaemia and risk of malaria among Ghanaian pre-school children with haemoglobinopathies and different ABO blood groups. BMC Nutr. 2023 Dec 1;9(1).
10. Awasthi S, Reddy NU, Mitra M, Singh S, Ganguly S, Jankovic I, et al. Micronutrient-fortified infant cereal improves Hb status and reduces iron-deficiency anaemia in Indian infants: An effectiveness study. British Journal of Nutrition. 2020;123(7).
11. Krämer M, Kumar S, Vollmer S. Impact Of Delivering Iron-Fortified Salt Through A School Feeding Program On Child Health, Education And Cognition: Evidence From A Randomized Controlled Trial In Rural India. Vol. 116, GlobalFood Discussion Papers. 2018.
12. Machado MMA, Lopes M de P, Schincaglia RM, da Costa PSS, Coelho ASG, Hadler MCCM. Effect of fortification with multiple micronutrient powder on the prevention and treatment of iron deficiency and anaemia in brazilian children: A randomized clinical trial. Nutrients. 2021 Jul 1;13(7).
13. Hackl LS, Abizari AR, Speich C, Zungbey-Garti H, Cercamondi CI, Zeder C, et al. Micronutrient-fortified rice can be a significant source of dietary bioavailable iron in schoolchildren from rural Ghana. Sci Adv. 2019 Mar 27;5(3).
14. Albelbeisi A, Shariff ZM, Mun CY, Rahman HA, Abed Y. Multiple micronutrient supplementation improves growth and reduces the risk of anemia among infants in Gaza Strip, Palestine: a prospective randomized community trial. Nutr J. 2020;19(1).
15. Black MM, Fernandez-Rao S, Nair KM, Balakrishna N, Tilton N, Radhakrishna KV, et al. A Randomized Multiple Micronutrient Powder Point-of-Use Fortification Trial Implemented in Indian Preschools Increases Expressive Language and Reduces Anemia and Iron Deficiency. Journal of Nutrition. 2021 Jul 1;151(7):2029–42.
16. Prieto-Patron A, Hutton Z V., Fattore G, Sabatier M, Detzel P. Reducing the burden of iron deficiency anemia in Cote D’Ivoire through fortification. Vol. 39, Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition. 2020.
17. Lundeen EA, Lind JN, Clarke KEN, Aburto NJ, Imanalieva C, Mamyrbaeva T, et al. Four years after implementation of a national micronutrient powder program in Kyrgyzstan, prevalence of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia is lower, but prevalence of vitamin A deficiency is higher. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2019 Mar 1;73(3):416–23.
18. Arcanjo FPN, da Costa Rocha TC, Arcanjo CPC, Santos PR. Micronutrient Fortification at Child-Care Centers Reduces Anemia in Young Children. J Diet Suppl. 2019 Nov 2;16(6):689–98.
19. Mahapatra S, Parker ME, Dave N, Zobrist SC, Shajie Arul D, King A, et al. Micronutrient-fortified rice improves haemoglobin, anaemia prevalence and cognitive performance among schoolchildren in Gujarat, India: a case-control study. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2021;72(5):690–703.
20. Azeem M, Sharif MK, Shah FUH, Ali M, Nazir MA, Rizwan M, et al. Does iron-fortified chewing gum influence the biochemical profile of school-going children (6-10 yrs.)? Italian Journal of Food Science. 2021;33(1):29–38.
21. Malavika VK, Juergen E. Improving micronutrient status of children and women in rural communities in India using crystal salt enriched with multiple micronutrients. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 2021;67(2):111–7.
22. El Hamdouchi A, El Kari K, Rjimati EA, El Mzibri M, Mokhtar N, Aguenaou H. Does flour fortification with electrolytic elemental iron improve the prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia among women in childbearing age and preschool children in Morocco? Med J Nutrition Metab. 2019 Jan 1;6(1):73–8.
23. Kumari A, Chauhan AK. Iron nanoparticles as a promising compound for food fortification in iron deficiency anemia: a review. Vol. 59, Journal of Food Science and Technology. 2022.
24. Liberal Â, Pinela J, Vívar-Quintana AM, Ferreira ICFR, Barros L. Fighting iron-deficiency anemia: Innovations in food fortificants and biofortification strategies. Vol. 9, Foods. 2020.
25. Shubham K, Anukiruthika T, Dutta S, Kashyap A V., Moses JA, Anandharamakrishnan C. Iron deficiency anemia: A comprehensive review on iron absorption, bioavailability and emerging food fortification approaches. Vol. 99, Trends in Food Science and Technology. 2020.
26. Biswas A. Role of vitamin A supplementation in management of iron deficiency anemia in children. Int J Community Med Public Health. 2018;5(4).
27. El-Mallah CA, Beyh YS, Obeid OA. Iron Fortification and Supplementation: Fighting Anemia of Chronic Diseases or Fueling Obesity? Curr Dev Nutr. 2021;5(4).
2. Prasetiani NA, Ludong MM. PREVALENSI ANEMIA DEFISIENSI BESI PADA ANAK KURANG GIZI DI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM DAERAH KOJA TAHUN 2017-2019. Jurnal Kesehatan Tambusia. 2023;5217–25.
3. Kazi NH, Qureshi R, Kousar T, Saba A, Ahmed Memon S. Factors Responsible for Iron Deficiency Anemia in Children Under Five Years. Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences. 2022;16(1).
4. Animasahun BA, Itiola AY. Iron deficiency and iron deficiency anaemia in children: Physiology, epidemiology, aetiology, clinical effects, laboratory diagnosis and treatment: Literature review. Vol. 6, Journal of Xiangya Medicine. AME Publishing Company; 2021.
5. Gedfie S, Getawa S, Melku M. Prevalence and Associated Factors of Iron Deficiency and Iron Deficiency Anemia Among Under-5 Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Vol. 9, Global Pediatric Health. SAGE Publications Inc.; 2022.
6. Aksan A, Zepp F, Anand S, Stein J. Intravenous ferric carboxymaltose for the management of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anaemia in children and adolescents: a review. Vol. 181, European Journal of Pediatrics. Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH; 2022. p. 3781–93.
7. Hurrell RF. Ensuring the Efficacious Iron Fortification of Foods: A Tale of Two Barriers. Vol. 14, Nutrients. 2022.
8. Ekoe T, Bianpambe OI, Nguefack F, Pondi DM, Kana-Sop MM, Hays NP, et al. Efficacy of an iron-fortified infant cereal to reduce the risk of iron deficiency anemia in young children in East Cameroon. Food Sci Nutr. 2020;8(7).
9. Tchum SK, Sakyi SA, Arthur F, Adu B, Abubakar LA, Oppong FB, et al. Effect of iron fortification on anaemia and risk of malaria among Ghanaian pre-school children with haemoglobinopathies and different ABO blood groups. BMC Nutr. 2023 Dec 1;9(1).
10. Awasthi S, Reddy NU, Mitra M, Singh S, Ganguly S, Jankovic I, et al. Micronutrient-fortified infant cereal improves Hb status and reduces iron-deficiency anaemia in Indian infants: An effectiveness study. British Journal of Nutrition. 2020;123(7).
11. Krämer M, Kumar S, Vollmer S. Impact Of Delivering Iron-Fortified Salt Through A School Feeding Program On Child Health, Education And Cognition: Evidence From A Randomized Controlled Trial In Rural India. Vol. 116, GlobalFood Discussion Papers. 2018.
12. Machado MMA, Lopes M de P, Schincaglia RM, da Costa PSS, Coelho ASG, Hadler MCCM. Effect of fortification with multiple micronutrient powder on the prevention and treatment of iron deficiency and anaemia in brazilian children: A randomized clinical trial. Nutrients. 2021 Jul 1;13(7).
13. Hackl LS, Abizari AR, Speich C, Zungbey-Garti H, Cercamondi CI, Zeder C, et al. Micronutrient-fortified rice can be a significant source of dietary bioavailable iron in schoolchildren from rural Ghana. Sci Adv. 2019 Mar 27;5(3).
14. Albelbeisi A, Shariff ZM, Mun CY, Rahman HA, Abed Y. Multiple micronutrient supplementation improves growth and reduces the risk of anemia among infants in Gaza Strip, Palestine: a prospective randomized community trial. Nutr J. 2020;19(1).
15. Black MM, Fernandez-Rao S, Nair KM, Balakrishna N, Tilton N, Radhakrishna KV, et al. A Randomized Multiple Micronutrient Powder Point-of-Use Fortification Trial Implemented in Indian Preschools Increases Expressive Language and Reduces Anemia and Iron Deficiency. Journal of Nutrition. 2021 Jul 1;151(7):2029–42.
16. Prieto-Patron A, Hutton Z V., Fattore G, Sabatier M, Detzel P. Reducing the burden of iron deficiency anemia in Cote D’Ivoire through fortification. Vol. 39, Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition. 2020.
17. Lundeen EA, Lind JN, Clarke KEN, Aburto NJ, Imanalieva C, Mamyrbaeva T, et al. Four years after implementation of a national micronutrient powder program in Kyrgyzstan, prevalence of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia is lower, but prevalence of vitamin A deficiency is higher. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2019 Mar 1;73(3):416–23.
18. Arcanjo FPN, da Costa Rocha TC, Arcanjo CPC, Santos PR. Micronutrient Fortification at Child-Care Centers Reduces Anemia in Young Children. J Diet Suppl. 2019 Nov 2;16(6):689–98.
19. Mahapatra S, Parker ME, Dave N, Zobrist SC, Shajie Arul D, King A, et al. Micronutrient-fortified rice improves haemoglobin, anaemia prevalence and cognitive performance among schoolchildren in Gujarat, India: a case-control study. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2021;72(5):690–703.
20. Azeem M, Sharif MK, Shah FUH, Ali M, Nazir MA, Rizwan M, et al. Does iron-fortified chewing gum influence the biochemical profile of school-going children (6-10 yrs.)? Italian Journal of Food Science. 2021;33(1):29–38.
21. Malavika VK, Juergen E. Improving micronutrient status of children and women in rural communities in India using crystal salt enriched with multiple micronutrients. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 2021;67(2):111–7.
22. El Hamdouchi A, El Kari K, Rjimati EA, El Mzibri M, Mokhtar N, Aguenaou H. Does flour fortification with electrolytic elemental iron improve the prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia among women in childbearing age and preschool children in Morocco? Med J Nutrition Metab. 2019 Jan 1;6(1):73–8.
23. Kumari A, Chauhan AK. Iron nanoparticles as a promising compound for food fortification in iron deficiency anemia: a review. Vol. 59, Journal of Food Science and Technology. 2022.
24. Liberal Â, Pinela J, Vívar-Quintana AM, Ferreira ICFR, Barros L. Fighting iron-deficiency anemia: Innovations in food fortificants and biofortification strategies. Vol. 9, Foods. 2020.
25. Shubham K, Anukiruthika T, Dutta S, Kashyap A V., Moses JA, Anandharamakrishnan C. Iron deficiency anemia: A comprehensive review on iron absorption, bioavailability and emerging food fortification approaches. Vol. 99, Trends in Food Science and Technology. 2020.
26. Biswas A. Role of vitamin A supplementation in management of iron deficiency anemia in children. Int J Community Med Public Health. 2018;5(4).
27. El-Mallah CA, Beyh YS, Obeid OA. Iron Fortification and Supplementation: Fighting Anemia of Chronic Diseases or Fueling Obesity? Curr Dev Nutr. 2021;5(4).
Downloads
Published
2025-06-15
Issue
Section
LITERATURE REVIEW
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Ahmad Iqbal Romdloni, Adinda Rizka Ramadhini, Abdillah Maulana Satrioaji, Adil Abdullah, Agam Febbrian Syam, Retno Wisanti
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
Pengaruh Fortifikasi Besi pada Makanan dalam Tatalaksana Anemia Defisiensi Besi pada Anak. (2025). Surabaya Biomedical Journal, 4(3), 204-220. https://doi.org/10.30649/v4i3.151
